兰炭是把煤通过低温干馏而产生的一种半焦，同焦炭相比，有着廉价的生产成本，却可以在许多化工产业里取代焦炭的优势，所以很受业界欢迎，目前，这种炉子在陕北的神木，府谷十分盛行。

Lantan is a semi coke produced by low-temperature dry distillation of coal. Compared with coke, it has the advantage of low production cost but can replace coke in many chemical industries. Therefore, it is very popular in the industry. Currently, this type of furnace is very popular in Shenmu and Fugu in northern Shaanxi.

这项技术已经相当成熟，但是要想达到规定的扩大单台炉子产量，则还没有理想的技术出台。

This technology is already quite mature, but there is no ideal technology yet to achieve the national requirement of expanding the production capacity of a single furnace.

兰炭炉从外形上分两种，一种是可以煤气回炉的方炉，这种炉子可以通过增加碳化室的方法来扩大单台炉产量；能把产出来的部分煤气二次燃烧，降低干馏温度，减少炭排放，提高焦油和半焦质量。它的缺点是不适合用气量大的化工产业，比如金属镁、金属钙，这些产业的煤气用量非常大，用方炉就需要相当的兰炭生产，一旦兰炭市场疲软，金属镁、金属钙的生产也会受到影响。另外，方炉有死角，下料不均匀，在碳化过程中容易出现过分燃烧现象，从而影响兰炭的产量。

There are two types of Lan Charcoal furnaces in terms of appearance. One is a square furnace that can recycle gas, which can expand the output of a single furnace by adding a carbonization chamber; It can burn a portion of the produced gas for the second time, reduce the dry distillation temperature, decrease carbon emissions, and improve the quality of tar and semi coke. Its disadvantage is that it is not suitable for chemical industries with high gas consumption, such as magnesium metal and calcium metal. These industries have a very large amount of gas consumption, and the use of square furnaces requires a considerable amount of blue charcoal production. Once the blue charcoal market weakens, the production of magnesium metal and calcium metal will also be affected. In addition, the square furnace has blind spots and uneven feeding, which can easily lead to excessive combustion during the carbonization process, thereby affecting the yield of blue charcoal.

另一种是圆炉，现在的圆炉完全依靠中风送风，因为一些物理因素，不能让煤气回炉。圆炉的优点正好是方炉的缺点：同等用煤的情况下，它可以产生大量煤气；因为它是圆形的，所以下料均匀，没有死角。圆炉的缺点也正好是方炉的优点：炉温高，煤气不能回炉，焦油、半焦的质量不及方炉，不适合产气量需求少的产业。

Another type is the circular furnace, which now relies entirely on air supply and cannot allow gas to return to the furnace due to some physical factors. The advantage of a round furnace is exactly the disadvantage of a square furnace: it can produce a large amount of coal gas when using the same amount of coal; Because it is circular, the material is evenly cut without any dead corners. The disadvantages of circular furnaces are exactly the advantages of square furnaces: high furnace temperature, inability to recycle gas, inferior quality of tar and semi coke compared to square furnaces, and unsuitability for industries with low gas production demand.

无论圆炉还是方炉，都需要把煤通过碳化来完成，在干馏碳化过程中，煤气从炉顶通过管道输送到用气车间，煤气里的氨水、焦油通过电捕焦等设备进入氨水罐或氨水池，在氨水罐或氨水池中沉淀分离出焦油，再通过油泵把焦油送到储油罐或油池。干馏碳化的半焦则从炉底排出，进入储焦棚通过筛选分类存放。

Both round furnace and square furnace need to carbonize coal. In the process of carbonization, the gas is transported from the furnace top to the gas consumption workshop through pipes. The ammonia and tar in the gas enter the ammonia tank or ammonia pool through electric coke capture and other equipment. The tar is precipitated and separated in the ammonia tank or ammonia pool, and then sent to the oil storage tank or oil pool through the oil pump. The semi coke carbonized by dry distillation is discharged from the furnace bottom and enters the coke storage shed for sorting and storage.

碳化过程需要给煤送风，煤又会阻碍风的穿透，导致离风口近的煤燃烧速度大于离风口远的煤的燃烧速度。所以碳化室的宽度非常有限一般理想的宽度为600mm到800mm，煤的粒度越小，碳化室越窄。方炉的碳化室长度也必须控制在有限范围，一旦炉温不均匀，太长的碳化室很难控制，火焰容易蹿到炉顶，发生火灾甚爆炸事故。

The carbonization process requires air supply to coal, which in turn hinders the penetration of air, resulting in coal closer to the tuyere burning faster than coal farther away. So the width of the carbonization chamber is very limited, and the ideal width is generally 600mm to 800mm. The smaller the coal particle size, the narrower the carbonization chamber. The length of the carbonization chamber of the square furnace must also be controlled within a limited range. Once the furnace temperature is uneven, a carbonization chamber that is too long is difficult to control, and flames are prone to spread to the top of the furnace, causing fires and even explosions.

总之，煤在干馏过程中由于自身的阻力和压力对空气给氧产生影响，兰炭炉的宽窄高低都需要一个有限的范围，圆炉是中间向四周送风，根本无法扩大单台炉子的产量。单台圆炉的年产焦量在2—3万吨之间，方炉单个碳化室的年产焦量在1—1.5万吨之间，有的单台炉子的产量可以达到20多万吨，但是这种炉子的灵活性不高。

In short, during the dry distillation process, coal has an impact on air oxygen supply due to its own resistance and pressure. The width and height of the blue charcoal furnace require a limited range, while the circular furnace requires air supply from the middle to the surrounding areas, making it impossible to increase the output of a single furnace. The annual coke production of a single circular furnace ranges from 20000 to 30000 tons, while the annual coke production of a single carbonization chamber in a square furnace ranges from 10000 to 15000 tons. Some single furnaces can produce over 200000 tons, but their flexibility is not high.

我们现在看到的年产量几十，几百万吨兰炭炉都是连体炉。这些连体炉只有一半左右在运行，另外一半则处于检修或者停产状态。

The annual production capacity we see now, ranging from tens to millions of tons of blue charcoal furnaces, are all connected furnaces. Only about half of these connected furnaces are in operation, while the other half are under maintenance or shutdown.

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